Vitamin D regulates microbiome-dependent cancer immunity

A role for vitamin D in immune modulation and in cancer has been suggested. In this work, we report that mice with increased availability of vitamin D display greater immune-dependent resistance to transplantable cancers and augmented responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Similarly, in humans, vitamin D–induced genes correlate with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment as well as with immunity to cancer and increased overall survival. In mice, resistance is attributable to the activity of vitamin D on intestinal epithelial cells, which alters microbiome composition in favor of Bacteroides fragilis , which positively regulates cancer immunity. Our findings indicate a previously…

• WT
  Wellcome Trust

  Awards: 106973/Z/15/Z, AdG 268670, /Z/15/Z, 216327/Z/19/Z
• FC
  Francis Crick Institute

  Awards: 106973/Z/15/Z, 216327/Z/19/Z, AdG 268670
• FN
  Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
• CR
  Cancer Research UK

  Awards: A27412, 216327/Z/19/Z, C5759, 106973/Z/15/Z, AdG 268670, C5759/A27412, 100001
• NR
  National Research Foundation

  Award: DNRF148
• BI
  Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds
• LF
  Louis-Jeantet Foundation
• DG
  Danmarks Grundforskningsfond

  Award: DNRF148
• NI
  National Institutes of Health
• MR
  Medical Research Council

  Awards: MC_UU_00025, 106973/Z/15/Z, 216327/Z/19/Z, MC_UU_00025/11, CC2090, MC_PC_24010, AdG 268670
• NC
  National Cancer Institute