Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cross species barriers and have the potential to cause pandemics. In North America, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses related to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Our genomic analysis and epidemiological investigation showed that a reassortment event in wild bird populations preceded a single wild bird-to-cattle transmission episode. The movement of asymptomatic cattle has likely played a role in the spread of HPAI within the United States dairy herd. Some molecular markers in virus populations were detected at low frequency that may lead to changes in transmission efficiency and phenotype…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Awards: DE-SC0014664, DE-SC0000001, SC0014664
• UD
  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

  Award: 75N93021C00015
• UD
  U.S. Department of Agriculture

  Awards: DE-SC0014664, 0201-88888-002-000D, 5030-32000-231-000-D, 0201-88888-003-000D
• CS
  Colorado State University
• IS
  Iowa State University
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Award: 75N93021C00015
• CF
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• OR
  Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

  Awards: DE-SC0014664, SC0014664
• AR
  Agricultural Research Service

  Awards: DE-SC0014664, 5030-32000-231-000-D, 0201-88888-002-000D, 0201-88888-003-000D
• NI
  National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  Award: 75N93021C00015