Emerging roles of lactate in acute and chronic inflammation

Traditionally, lactate has been considered a 'waste product' of cellular metabolism. Recent findings have shown that lactate is a substance that plays an indispensable role in various physiological cellular functions and contributes to energy metabolism and signal transduction during immune and inflammatory responses. The discovery of lactylation further revealed the role of lactate in regulating inflammatory processes. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the paradoxical characteristics of lactate metabolism in the inflammatory microenvironment and highlight the pivotal roles of lactate homeostasis, the lactate shuttle, and lactylation ('lactate clock') in acute and chronic inflammatory responses from…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 82174394, BK20201401
• GO
  Government of Jiangsu Province
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

  Awards: 82174394, BK20211297, BK20201401
• NU
  Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine

  Awards: 82174394, BK20201401
• MU
  Macau University of Science and Technology