Waterlogging stress in plants: Unraveling the mechanisms and impacts on growth, development, and productivity

Global climate change is closely related to changes in precipitation and flood events. In recent decades, waterlogging stress has become a greater threat to major crops and plants, ultimately affecting plant growth, development, and productivity. When plants are subjected to waterlogging, the oxygen supply in their roots is diminished, leading to hypoxic or anoxic conditions. To adapt to these conditions, plants go through a variety of physiological, morphological, and biochemical changes. This may involve the development of adventitious roots (ARs) and aerenchyma tissue, changes in the regulations of hormones, and shifts in metabolism. Specific genes and signaling pathways are essential for the coordination…