Fungal bioremediation: An overview of the mechanisms, applications and future perspectives

Fungal bioremediation represents a promising and sustainable approach to addressing environmental pollution by exploiting the natural metabolic capabilities of fungi to degrade and detoxify a wide array of pollutants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives of fungal bioremediation. Fungi are uniquely equipped with an extensive arsenal of enzymes, including laccases, peroxidases, and hydrolases, which facilitate the breakdown of complex organic compounds, heavy metals, and xenobiotics into less harmful substances. The versatility of fungi enables their application across various environmental contexts, including soil, water, and air remediation.…