Molecular immunological mechanisms of impaired wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), current therapeutic strategies and future directions

• Unresolved inflammation is the main factor contributing to wound chronicity in diabetic foot ulcers. • Transcription factors’ inhibition in diabetes causes inefficient recruitment of immune cells at the wound site. • MicroRNA-induced immune response modulation impacts the pathophysiology of chronic wounds. • M2-laden hydrogels have been shown to increase wound healing of diabetic ulcers. • Nano-approaches along with hyperglycemia management holds promising therapeutic potential for diabetic ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a foremost cause of amputation in diabetic patients. Consequences of DFU include infections, decline in limb function, hospitalization, amputation, and in severe cases, death. Immune…