Dual blockade immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in lung cancer

Abstract Cancer immunotherapies, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have reshaped the treatment paradigm for both advanced non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Programmed death receptor-1/programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are some of the most common and promising targets in ICIs. Compared to ICI monotherapy, which occasionally demonstrates treatment resistance and limited efficacy, the dual blockade immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 operates at different stages of T cell activation with synergistically enhancing immune responses against cancer cells. This emerging dual therapy heralds a new…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 82303773, 82204490, 82303772
• SU
  Sichuan University
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province

  Award: 2024NSFSC1908
• WC
  West China Hospital, Sichuan University
• KR
  Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province

  Award: 23ZDYF2836
• CS
  Chengdu Science and Technology Program

  Award: 2024-