articleInternational Journal of Energy ResearchJan 1, 2024GOLD OA

A Recent Comprehensive Review of Fuel Cells: History, Types, and Applications

NANaef A.A. QasemGAGubran A.Q. Abdulrahman

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Indexed incrossrefdoaj

Abstract

This review discusses the history, fundamentals, and applications of different fuel cell technologies, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), direct methanol fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). Recent advances in fuel cell technologies have led to potential applications in aerospace, transportation, and portable and stationary power generation due to high efficiency and low emissions. Fuel cell types are also compared based on efficiency, operating temperature, lifetime, energy/power density, and cost. It was noticed that PEMFCs have the highest mass power density, reaching 1,000…

Citation impact

293
total citations
FWCI
55.71
Percentile
100%
References
241
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Authors

2

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Fuel cells
  • Engineering
  • Environmental science
  • Chemical engineering
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