Applications and Concerns of ChatGPT and Other Conversational Large Language Models in Health Care: Systematic Review

The launch of ChatGPT (OpenAI) in November 2022 attracted public attention and academic interest to large language models (LLMs), facilitating the emergence of many other innovative LLMs. These LLMs have been applied in various fields, including health care. Numerous studies have since been conducted regarding how to use state-of-the-art LLMs in health-related scenarios.

This review aims to summarize applications of and concerns regarding conversational LLMs in health care and provide an agenda for future research in this field.