Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A comprehensive review of methods, influencing factors, and applications

This review explores recent advancements in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), focusing on plant-based methods, critical synthesis factors, and biomedical applications. Plant extracts, rich in reducing agents like phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, facilitate the eco-friendly conversion of silver ions into AgNP. Key parameters such as pH, temperature, reaction time, and silver precursor concentration are examined for their impact on nanoparticle size, stability, and yield. The biosynthesized AgNP demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, primarily through mechanisms like bacterial membrane disruption and oxidative stress. Emerging applications in anticancer treatments, antioxidant…

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