Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects

Jomová, Klaudia; Alomar, Suliman Yousef; Nepovimová, Eugenie; Kuča, Kamil; Valko, Marián

doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03903-2

reviewArchives of ToxicologyNov 20, 2024HYBRID OA

Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects

KJKlaudia Jomová SYSuliman Yousef Alomar ENEugenie Nepovimová KKKamil Kuča MVMarián Valko

Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra · King Saud University · +4 more institutions

PubMed

Indexed incrossrefpubmed

Abstract

Abstract Heavy metals are naturally occurring components of the Earth’s crust and persistent environmental pollutants. Human exposure to heavy metals occurs via various pathways, including inhalation of air/dust particles, ingesting contaminated water or soil, or through the food chain. Their bioaccumulation may lead to diverse toxic effects affecting different body tissues and organ systems. The toxicity of heavy metals depends on the properties of the given metal, dose, route, duration of exposure (acute or chronic), and extent of bioaccumulation. The detrimental impacts of heavy metals on human health are largely linked to their capacity to interfere with antioxidant defense mechanisms, primarily through…

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Topics

Keywords

Superoxide dismutase
Catalase
Glutathione
Glutathione reductase
Chemistry
Antioxidant
Glutathione peroxidase
Bioaccumulation

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