Emerging trends in sustainable building materials: Technological innovations, enhanced performance, and future directions

• Nano-silica and nano-TiO2 boost material durability and functionality. • Nanosensors enable real-time infrastructure health monitoring. • Case studies show practical applications in iconic structures. • Integration with AI and IoT points to smarter future infrastructure. This study rigorously assesses the latest advancements in sustainable building materials, focusing on their classification, innovative production technologies, and performance metrics. We categorize sustainable materials into natural substances, such as bamboo and hemp; recycled products, like crushed concrete and recycled plastics; and innovative composites, including fiber-reinforced polymers. We emphasize the application of advanced…