Enigma of Sustainable CO 2 Conversion to Renewable Fuels and Chemicals Through Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, and Photoelectrocatalysis: Design Strategies and Atomic Level Insights

Abstract Growing global population, escalating energy consumption, and climate change threaten future energy security. Fossil fuel combustion, primarily coal, oil, and natural gas, exacerbates the greenhouse effect driving global warming through CO 2 emissions. To address such issues, research is focused on converting CO 2 into valuable fuels and chemicals, which aims to reduce noxious CO 2 and simultaneously bridge the gap between energy demands and sustainable supply. CO 2 reduction has primarily been accomplished through three methodologies: photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo‐electrocatalysis. Review initially elucidates fundamental principles and kinetics that govern CO 2 reduction across all…

• DO
  Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India

  Award: SPA‐2430‐CHD‐CNA/24‐25.