Multimaterial cryogenic printing of three-dimensional soft hydrogel machines

Hydrogel-based soft machines are promising in diverse applications, such as biomedical electronics and soft robotics. However, current fabrication techniques generally struggle to construct multimaterial three-dimensional hydrogel architectures for soft machines and robots, owing to the inherent hydrogel softness from the low-density polymer network nature. Herein, we present a multimaterial cryogenic printing (MCP) technique that can fabricate sophisticated soft hydrogel machines with accurate yet complex architectures and robust multimaterial interfaces. Our MCP technique harnesses a universal all-in-cryogenic solvent phase transition strategy, involving instant ink solidification followed by in-situ…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 52473179, T2293725, 52025057
• SK
  State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration

  Award: MSVZD202401