Nanomedicine: How nanomaterials are transforming drug delivery, bio-imaging, and diagnosis

This review article comprehensively examines the role of nanotechnology in advancing medical science, with a focus on its applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering. We explore the classification of nanomaterials based on dimensionality, composition, and dispersion, and discuss their critical role in revolutionizing medicine. Nanomaterials such as liposomes, protein-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers are highlighted for their ability to enhance drug delivery systems, improving targeting, bioavailability, and reducing side effects. We investigate theranostics, where nanoparticles integrate diagnostic imaging and treatment capabilities in a single platform, enabling more effective cancer…