Free-surface jetting driven by a cavitating vortex ring

The collapse of an initially spherical cavitation bubble near a free surface leads to the formation of two jets: a downward jet into the liquid, and an upward jet penetrating the free surface. In this study, we examine the surprising interaction of a bubble trapped in a stable cavitating vortex ring approaching a free surface. As a result, a single fast and tall liquid jet forms. We find that this jet is observed only above critical Froude numbers ( $Fr$ ) and Weber numbers ( $We$ ) when ${Fr}^2 (1.6-2.73/{We}) > 1$ , illustrating the importance of inertia, gravity and surface tension in accelerating this novel jet and thereby reaching heights several hundred times the radius of the vortex ring. Our…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 12372239, 51925904, 12072087, 12388101
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province

  Award: YQ2022E017