Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications

Hard carbon (HC) anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are prized for their high capacity, durability, cost-efficiency, environmental sustainability, and safety. The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall performance of SIBs, however, the unclear role of metallic ash elements during carbonization and the electrochemical sodium storage process presents challenges for advancing HC design concepts. In this review, the traditional role of metallic ash element realized in the past and the deep understanding by a new sight from the view of intrinsic types in precursor matrix are initially introduced. Subsequently, the effect of catalyzing graphitization degree, constructing pore structure, tuning…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 52402302, 52250710680
• SA
  Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou, China

  Award: ZG2022032
• HF
  High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China

  Award: G2023016009L
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province

  Award: LQ24E020001
• KR
  Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province

  Awards: 2023C01232, 2024C01057