Metal oxide/biochar hybrid nanocomposites for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluents: A review

The emerging organic pollutants from industrial wastewater have led to growing environmental concerns. The health hazards associated with these pollutants bring an urgency to adopt and develop an effective and sustainable method for their removal before disposal into water resources. In that regard, photocatalytic degradation using metal oxides has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for the remediation of industrial pollutants. However, the limitations of metal oxide in selective removal of pollutants, coupled with their wide band gap are the challenges that need to be addressed. Biochar is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable material derived from biomass obtained through…