From chaos to order: optimizing fecal microbiota transplantation for enhanced immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy

The integration of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) presents a promising approach for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy and overcoming therapeutic resistance. This review critically examines the controversial effects of FMT on ICIs outcomes and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. We investigate how FMT modulates gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolite profiles, and the tumor microenvironment, thereby influencing ICIs effectiveness. Key factors influencing FMT efficacy, including donor selection criteria, recipient characteristics, and administration protocols, are comprehensively discussed. The review delineates strategies for optimizing FMT…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 82172811, 81802257, 82172750, 82373129, 82260546, 2021A1515012593
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province

  Awards: 81802257, 82172811, 2021A1515012593, 82172750
• BA
  Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province

  Award: 2022A1515111212