Heavy Metal Pollution in Coastal Environments: Ecological Implications and Management Strategies: A Review

Heavy metals originating from industrial runoff, agricultural practices, urbanization, and natural geological processes persist in coastal sediments due to their low degradation rates and high stability. Their cycling is influenced by sediment dynamics, water circulation, and complex interactions with biological and chemical factors. Heavy metal pollution demonstrates serious risks to coastal biota, including fish, shellfish, algae, and marine mammals through mechanisms such as bioaccumulation and biomagnification. These processes lead to biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and reduced ecosystem functionality. Current mitigation strategies for pollution control regulations and remediation techniques show…

• GO
  Government of Jiangsu Province
• PN
  Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University

  Award: PNURSP2025R101
• TU
  Tanta University