Global trends in the burden of ischemic heart disease based on the global burden of disease study 2021: the role of metabolic risk factors

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aims to evaluate the trends in IHD burden across different socioeconomic regions using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) and to understand the impact of the metabolic risk factors on these trends.

Data from GBD 2021 was analyzed to evaluate the global age-standardized death rates (ASDR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASRDALYs) linked to IHD. Key metabolic risk factors evaluated included high systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body mass index (BMI). Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), with further analysis by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI).