A Systematic Review of Barriers to Renewable Energy Integration and Adoption

Renewable energy presents a sustainable substitute to fossil fuels, offering potential for reduced greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced energy security, and environmental sustainability. This review analyzes the technical, economic, social, environmental, and policy barriers hindering renewable energy adoption. Challenges such as intermittency, high initial costs, socio-cultural resistance, and regulatory fragmentation are explored alongside region-specific barriers in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. A systematic review of literature sourced from Science Direct, Academia, and Google Scholar was conducted, focusing on publications addressing thematic and regional perspectives from 2014 onward. The…