Advancing Health Care With Digital Twins: Meta-Review of Applications and Implementation Challenges

Digital twins (DTs) are digital representations of real-world systems, enabling advanced simulations, predictive modeling, and real-time optimization in various fields, including health care. Despite growing interest, the integration of DTs in health care faces challenges such as fragmented applications, ethical concerns, and barriers to adoption.

This study systematically reviews the existing literature on DT applications in health care with three objectives: (1) to map primary applications, (2) to identify key challenges and limitations, and (3) to highlight gaps that can guide future research.