articleProceedings of the National Academy of SciencesJan 27, 2025HYBRID OA

How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science?

Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics · Munich Center for Machine Learning · +21 more institutions

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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly incorporated into scientific workflows. However, we have yet to fully grasp the implications of this integration. How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science? For this opinion piece, we have invited four diverse groups of scientists to reflect on this query, sharing their perspectives and engaging in debate. Schulz et al. make the argument that working with LLMs is not fundamentally different from working with human collaborators, while Bender et al. argue that LLMs are often misused and overhyped, and that their limitations warrant a focus on more specialized, easily interpretable tools. Marelli et al. emphasize the…

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