Phytohormonal signaling in plant resilience: advances and strategies for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance

Abiotic stressorslike drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures significantly hamper global agricultural productivity by adversely affecting plant growth and crop production. As sessile organisms, plants have developed a sophisticated network of signaling pathways to recognize and address environmental challenges. At the heart of these responses are phytohormones, which play animportant role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance. The signaling pathways governed by these phytohormones are crucial for activating the physiological and molecular responses that enable plants to survive under stress conditions. Hormonal crosstalk, an integral component of the phytohormonal network, involves synergistic and…