Burden and attributable risk factors of non-communicable diseases and subtypes in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021

Understanding based on up-to-date data on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is limited, especially regarding how subtypes contribute to the overall NCD burden and the attributable risk factors across locations and subtypes. We aimed to report the global, regional, and national burden of NCDs, subtypes, and attributable risk factors in 2021, and trends from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI).

We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to estimate the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for NCDs and subtypes, along with attributable risk factors. Estimates were presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Relationships between NCD DALYs and SDI across regions and countries were estimated using smoothing splines models.