Innovations and development trends in offshore floating photovoltaic systems: A comprehensive review

In the context of the global transition to renewable energy and the pursuit of carbon neutrality, coastal regions around the world are accelerating their efforts to harness clean energy from marine resources. Offshore wind farms have rapidly developed, achieving grid parity (the point where the cost of low-carbon technologies becomes competitive with traditional energy sources). Offshore Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) pilot projects are emerging. Exploring the integrated development of various marine resources and promoting the efficient use of ocean space for energy production are critical steps toward building comprehensive marine energy systems. These systems play a vital role in achieving high-quality carbon…