Nanofluids for Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review on Preparation Methods, Properties, and Environmental Impact

Nanofluids, an advanced class of heat transfer fluids, have gained significant attention due to their superior thermophysical properties, making them highly effective for various engineering applications. This review explores the impact of nanoparticle integration on the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and overall heat transfer performance of base fluids, highlighting improvements in systems, such as heat exchangers, electronics cooling, PV/T systems, CSP technologies, and geothermal heat recovery. Key mechanisms such as nanolayer formation, Brownian motion, and nanoparticle aggregation are discussed, with a focus on hybrid nanofluids that show enhanced thermal conductivity. The increase in viscosity poses a…

• DO
  Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University

  Award: RGP.2/123/1445