articleTribology LettersFeb 12, 2025HYBRID OA

Mechanisms of ZDDP—An Update

HAH. A. Spikes

Imperial College London

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Abstract

Abstract This paper describes how research over the last 20 years has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of action of ZDDP, especially with respect to tribofilm formation. We now know that ZDDP tribofilm formation is promoted by applied shear stress and this explains many of the features of these films. We also now recognise that ZDDP tribofilms evolve during rubbing from relatively soft, long chain polyphosphate films to much more wear-resistant, short chain phosphates. Several disadvantages of ZDDPs as lubricant additives have emerged in recent years, in particular their tendency to increase friction in thin film rubbing conditions, their promotion of micropitting wear, and accelerated wear when…

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Keywords
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology
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