Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries: Emerging Threats and Policy Responses

Abstract Objectives This narrative review investigates the key drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and evaluates the effectiveness of policy responses. It highlights the unique challenges these regions face and provides actionable recommendations for mitigating AMR. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by reports from global health organizations. Studies published between 2010 and 2023 focusing on AMR in LMICs were included. Thematic analysis synthesized data into key drivers, policy challenges, and intervention strategies. Results The major drivers of AMR in LMICs include unregulated…