Investigating L2 writers' critical AI literacy in AI-assisted writing: An APSE model

While the need to foster critical AI literacy (CAIL) among L2 writers has gained increasing recognition, research offering empirically grounded models for integrating CAIL into L2 writing remains limited. To contribute to the ongoing research in AI-assisted L2 writing and CAIL, we designed the current study to understand how students used ChatGPT, a popular generative AI technology, to support their writing and to uncover their CAIL in their writing practices in two first-year writing classes in the US. Adopting a qualitative case study design, we analyzed students’ interview data, written reflections, AI logs, and screencasts of students’ interactions with AI. Findings show that students utilized AI in…