Defect metal-organic frameworks (D-MOFs): An engineered nanomaterial for enzyme immobilization

The field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for enzyme immobilization has gained significant traction due to their versatile structural properties and exceptional stability. There are certain constraints after enzyme-MOF composite formation, such as (i) reduction in enzyme activity , (ii) mass transfer limitation between substrate-enzyme, and (iii) unfavorable micro-environment for immobilized enzyme within MOF. Therefore, the defects in MOFs have emerged as a powerful tool to enhance the enzyme catalytic properties and their loading. This review delves into the recent advancements in defect engineering of MOFs, elucidating the role of structural defects in creating mesoporous environments that facilitate…