articleBMC Public HealthFeb 17, 2025GOLD OA

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Sichuan University · +1 more institution

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Abstract

Background

We aimed to investigate global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

We summarized the results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to derive the disease burden of CKD by considering four distinct types of epidemiological data, namely incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The Joinpoint regression analysis, which is skilled in calculating annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), was used to estimate global trends for CKD from 1990 to 2021.

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Funding