GABAergic neuron-to-glioma synapses in diffuse midline gliomas

Abstract High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the leading cause of brain cancer-related death. HGGs include clinically, anatomically and molecularly distinct subtypes that stratify into diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), such as H3K27M -altered diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, and hemispheric HGGs, such as IDH wild-type glioblastoma. Neuronal activity drives glioma progression through paracrine signalling 1,2 and neuron-to-glioma synapses 3–6 . Glutamatergic AMPA receptor-dependent synapses between neurons and glioma cells have been demonstrated in paediatric 3 and adult 4 high-grade gliomas, and early work has suggested heterogeneous glioma GABAergic responses 7 . However, neuron-to-glioma synapses mediated by…