A narrative review on the future of ARDS: evolving definitions, pathophysiology, and tailored management

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe complication of critical illness, characterized by bilateral lung infiltrates and hypoxemia. Its clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity poses challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. This review outlines the evolution of ARDS definitions, discusses the underlying pathophysiology of ARDS, and examines the clinical implications of its heterogeneity. Traditional ARDS definitions required invasive mechanical ventilation and relied on arterial blood gas measurements to calculate the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Recent updates have expanded these criteria to include patients receiving noninvasive respiratory support, such as high-flow nasal oxygen, and the…

• CN
  Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

  Awards: 408124/2021-0, 0306599/2023-6, 403485/2020-7
• FC
  Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

  Awards: 403485/2020-7, E-26/, E-26/210, E-26/210.777/2021