A comprehensive review of transcription factor-mediated regulation of secondary metabolites in plants under environmental stress

Abstract Plants encounter a wide range of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses throughout their lifespan. To adapt and survive, they have evolved complex defense mechanisms that involve the production of secondary metabolites (SMs), which play critical roles in enhancing plant resilience. These bioactive compounds function as deterrents to herbivores, barriers against pathogens, and protectants against oxidative stress. Plants regulate the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites (SMs) in response to various environmental factors such as drought, salinity, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B radiation. These stress conditions can significantly alter SM levels as part of the plant's adaptive…