Assessing the effectiveness of long short-term memory and artificial neural network in predicting daily ozone concentrations in Liaocheng City

Ozone pollution affects food production, human health, and the lives of individuals. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, Liaocheng has experienced increasing of ozone concentration over several years. Therefore, ozone has become a major environmental problem in Liaocheng City. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models are established to predict ozone concentrations in Liaocheng City from 2014 to 2023. The results show a general improvement in the accuracy of the LSTM model compared to the ANN model. Compared to the ANN, the LSTM has an increase in determination coefficient (R2), value from 0.6779 to 0.6939, a decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) value from…