Continuing recovery of wolves in Europe

Bernardi, Cecilia Di; Chapron, Guillaume; Kaczensky, Petra; Álvares, Francisco; Andrén, Henrik; Balys, Vaidas; Blanco, Juan Carlos; Chiriac, Silviu; Ćirović, Duško; Drouet‐Hoguet, Nolwenn; Huber, Đuro; Iliopoulos, Yorgos; Kojola, Ilpo; Krofel, Miha; Kutal, Miroslav; Linnell, John D. C.; Skrbinšek, Aleksandra Majić; Männil, Peep; Marucco, Francesca; Melovski, Dime; Mengüllüoğlu, Deniz; Mergeay, Joachim; Mysłajek, Robert W.; Nowak, Sabina; Ozoliņš, Jānis; Ranc, Nathan; Reinhardt, Ilka; Rigg, Robin; Salvatori, Valéria; Schley, Laurent; Sunde, Peter; Trajçe, Aleksandër; Trbojević, Igor; Trouwborst, Arie; Arx, Manuela von; Zlatanova, Diana; Boitani, Luigi

doi:10.1371/journal.pstr.0000158

articlePLOS Sustainability and TransformationFeb 25, 2025GOLD OA

Continuing recovery of wolves in Europe

CDCecilia Di Bernardi GCGuillaume Chapron PKPetra Kaczensky FÁFrancisco Álvares HAHenrik Andrén

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences · University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna · +28 more institutions

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Abstract

The recovery of wolves ( Canis lupus ) across Europe is a notable conservation success in a region with extensive human alteration of landscapes and high human population densities. We provide a comprehensive update on wolf populations in Europe, estimated at over 21,500 individuals by 2022, representing a 58% increase over the past decade. Despite the challenges of high human densities and significant land use for agriculture, industry, and urbanization, wolves have demonstrated remarkable adaptability and increasing population trends in most European countries. Improved monitoring techniques, although varying in quality and scope, have played a crucial role in tracking this recovery. Annually, wolves kill…

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