Beyond the EPR effect: Intravital microscopy analysis of nanoparticle drug delivery to tumors

Belyaev, Iaroslav B.; Griaznova, Olga Yu.; Yaremenko, Alexey V.; Deyev, Sergey M.; Zelepukin, Ivan V.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2025.115550

reviewAdvanced Drug Delivery ReviewsFeb 26, 2025HYBRID OA

Beyond the EPR effect: Intravital microscopy analysis of nanoparticle drug delivery to tumors

IBIaroslav B. Belyaev OYOlga Yu. Griaznova AVAlexey V. Yaremenko SMSergey M. Deyev IVIvan V. Zelepukin

Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry · Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

PubMed

Indexed incrossrefpubmed

Abstract

Delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) to solid tumors has long relied on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, involving permeation of NPs through a leaky vasculature with prolonged retention by reduced lymphatic drainage in tumor. Recent research studies and clinical data challenge EPR concept, revealing alternative pathways and approaches of NP delivery. The area was significantly impacted by the implementation of intravital optical microscopy, unraveling delivery mechanisms at cellular level in vivo. This review presents analysis of the reasons for EPR heterogeneity in tumors and describes non-EPR based concepts for drug delivery, which can supplement the current paradigm. One of the approaches is…

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80

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Topics & keywords

Topics

Keywords

Intravital microscopy
Drug delivery
Nanoparticle
Drug
Pharmaceutical technology
Nanotechnology
Chemistry
Medicine

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Good health and well-being

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