Sensing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring: A State-of-the-Art Review on Performance Criteria and New-Generation Technologies

This systematic review examines the capabilities, challenges, and practical implementations of the most widely utilized and emerging sensing technologies in structural health monitoring (SHM) for infrastructures, addressing a critical research gap. While many existing reviews focus on individual methods, comprehensive cross-method comparisons have been limited due to the highly tailored nature of each technology. We address this by proposing a novel framework comprising five specific evaluation criteria-deployment suitability in SHM, hardware prerequisites, characteristics of the acquired signals, sensitivity metrics, and integration with Digital Twin environments-refined with subcriteria to ensure transparent…