A Literature Review on Applications of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

As AI technologies, particularly deep learning models, have advanced, their inherent “black box” nature has raised significant concerns regarding accountability, fairness, and trust, especially in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. We present a detailed exploration of XAI, emphasizing its essential role in improving the interpretability and transparency of complex AI systems in various application domains. Health-related applications were notably using XAI, emphasizing diagnostics, and medical imaging. Other notable domains of use of XAI is encompassed environmental and agricultural management, industrial optimization, cybersecurity, finance, transportation, and social media.…