Pollution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water of the industrial region in Gazipur, Bangladesh

Heavy metal contamination in surface water poses significant health and environmental risks, especially in industrial regions. This study evaluates heavy metal pollution and associated health hazards in the Basan Industrial Area, Gazipur, Bangladesh. A total of 30 surface water samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe). Pollution indices, including the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), and Degree of Contamination (Cd), classified the water as severely polluted, with Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr exceeding WHO standards. Health risk assessments show that children face greater non-carcinogenic and…