Robustness and resilience of energy systems to extreme events: A review of assessment methods and strategies

This comprehensive review investigates the robustness and resilience of energy systems in response to extreme events, emphasizing the need for enhanced methodologies and strategies to mitigate the growing vulnerabilities in modern power grids. The study clarifies conceptual definitions and relationships between key resilience metrics, reliability, robustness, and flexibility while analyzing their applications across multi-energy systems. The review identifies critical gaps in resilience assessment, including a lack of unified definitions, insufficient documentation of financial and social costs, and challenges in integrating resilience into infrastructure planning. This work provides a framework for advancing…