Production of biomaterials and biochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass through sustainable approaches: current scenario and future perspectives

Lignocellulosic biomass which is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant and renewable resource of biomass with great potential for producing valuable biomaterials. However, its complex structure and the inefficiencies of traditional processing methods present challenges in its sustainable conversion. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced new avenues to transform lignocellulosic biomass into useful products such as nanomaterials, biofuels, nanocellulose, biochar, and nanofertilizers. For instance, nanocellulose derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks exhibits tensile strength exceeding that of steel at comparable densities, while biochar production has shown to…