Proton exchange membrane fuel cells in electric vehicles: Innovations, challenges, and pathways to sustainability

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are leading the shift to sustainable energy, especially in fuel-cell electric vehicles. In PEMFCs, hydrogen is converted into electricity which contributes to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased dependence on fossil fuels. Many works have been conducted to improve the power density and longevity of the whole system to be adopted in vehicles. The power density was considerably increased by a stack design incorporating lightweight material such as graphene-coated Ni form and weak carbon nanofiber films. Hydrogen refueling failures such as overfilling with hydrogen, hydrogen flow overfill, and hydrogen leakage need mitigation by developing advanced materials and the…

• TN
  Tenaga Nasional Berhad

  Awards: J510050002-IC-6, J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025, J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025-Center
• CQ
  Central Queensland University
• EC
  Edith Cowan University
• MO
  Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia

  Awards: 202202KETTHA, 202203004ETG, 2022001HICOE
• KT
  Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau dan Air