The evolving neurobiology of early-life stress

Because early-life stress is common and constitutes a strong risk factor for cognitive and mental health disorders, it has been the focus of a multitude of studies in humans and experimental models. Yet, we have an incomplete understanding of what is perceived as stressful by the developing brain, what aspects of stress influence brain maturation, what developmental ages are particularly vulnerable to stress, which molecules mediate the effects of stress on brain operations, and how transient stressful experiences can lead to enduring emotional and cognitive dysfunctions. Here, we discuss these themes, highlight the challenges and progress in resolving them, and propose new concepts and avenues for future…

• GE
  George E. Hewitt Foundation for Medical Research
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Award: UO1 DA053826
• NI
  National Institute of Mental Health

  Awards: P50 MH096889, RO1 MH132680
• HF
  Hewitt Foundation