Advancing Power Systems with Renewable Energy and Intelligent Technologies: A Comprehensive Review on Grid Transformation and Integration

The global energy landscape is witnessing a transformational shift brought about by the adoption of renewable energy technologies along with power system modernisation. Distributed generation (DG), smart grids (SGs), microgrids (MGs), and advanced energy storage systems (AESSs) are key enablers of a sustainable and resilient energy future. This review deepens the analysis of the fulminating change in power systems, detailing the growth of power systems, wind and solar integration, and next-generation high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Moreover, we address important aspects such as power system monitoring, protection, and control, the dynamic modelling of transmission and distribution…