An examination of the LPS-TLR4 immune response through the analysis of molecular structures and protein–protein interactions

The LPS-TLR4 immune response is a critical mechanism in the body's defense against Gram-negative bacterial infections, yet its dysregulation can lead to severe inflammatory diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pivotal pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) on the surface of gram-negative bacteria, is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), initiating a complex cascade of immune responses. This review delves into the intricate molecular structures and protein-protein interactions that underpin the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway, offering a comprehensive analysis of both extracellular recognition and intracellular signal transduction. We explore the roles of key molecules such as LBP, CD14, MD-2, and TLR4…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 82472302, 82104205, No. 82104205, No. 82472302
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province

  Awards: 2024AFB802, No. 2023AFB853, No. 2024AFB802, 2023AFB853
• HU
  Hubei University of Medicine

  Awards: 2020QDJZR001, HBMUPI202103
• HU
  Hubei University