Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease Transmission: The Role of Insect Behavioral and Physiological Adaptations

Climate change is profoundly reshaping the behavior, physiology, and distribution of insect vectors, with significant implications for vector-borne disease transmission. Rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are driving behavioral adaptations such as altered host-seeking patterns, modified resting site preferences, and extended seasonal activity. Concurrently, vectors exhibit physiological plasticity, including enhanced thermal tolerance, desiccation resistance, and accelerated reproductive cycles, which contribute to increased survival and vector competence. This review synthesizes current research on climate-driven adaptations in major disease vectors, focusing on…