Photoinduced Synergism of Ferroptosis/Pyroptosis/Oncosis by an O 2 -Independent Photocatalyst for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy

Due to O2 dependence, hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance, and immunosuppressive microenvironment, the effect of traditional photodynamic therapy toward hypoxic solid tumors is severely limited. Herein, we report an O2-independent photocatalyst (EBSe) for tumor immunotherapy potentiation via synergism of near-infrared (NIR) light-induced ferroptosis/pyroptosis/oncosis. Simple Se and ethyl modifications on methylene blue (MB) endow EBSe with a remarkable phototoxicity enhancement (>2500 folds) and an excellent phototoxicity index (PI > 32,000) to 4T1 cells under hypoxia. EBSe exhibits self-adaptive photodynamic processes that generate enhanced type I/II ROS under normoxia and elevate carbon radical production…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 22377050, 22407060, 22293051, 22477054, 22293050
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

  Award: BK20232020
• NU
  Nanjing University

  Award: ZYJH004